Depuis une loi de 1998 transcrivant en droit français la directive européenne de 1994, un citoyen de l’Union européenne qui réside en France peut participer aux “élections municipales” dans les mêmes conditions qu’un électeur français.
Prudente, la directive soulignait que la notion “d’élections municipales” n’étant pas la même dans tous les États membres ; Il convenait donc de la définir comme «des élections au suffrage universel et direct au niveau des collectivités locales de base et de leur subdivision».
La même directive précisait qu’une « collectivités locales de base » était une « entité administrative compétente pour administrer, au niveau de base de l’organisation politique et administratif, sous sa propre responsabilité, certaines affaires locales ».
Chacun l’admettra, le Grand Lyon est bien une collectivité locale qui administre, sous sa responsabilité, certaines affaires locales.
Mais curieusement, les citoyens européens résidant sur son territoire n’ont pas pu voter pour ses conseillers métropolitains en 2020…
Il faut dire que la directive de 1994 n’avait pas prévu la création de la métropole de Lyon en 2015 et n’a pas pu l’intégrer à son annexe qui liste de manière explicite et exclusive ces fameuses « collectivités locales de base ».
Faut-il ajouter à celles-ci la métropole de Lyon ? Interrogé sur cette question, le gouvernement répondu que la métropole de Lyon n’entrait nullement dans le cadre des «collectivités de base» car “celle-ci s’est substituée sur son emprise territoriale à la fois au département du Rhône et à la Communauté urbaine de Lyon”. Le département n’étant pas une «collectivité de base», les européens qui y résident n’ont donc pas le droit de vote.
Certes, mais la métropole n’est pas qu’un département. Cette nouvelle collectivité a conservé toutes les compétences communales transmises par la loi à la communauté urbaine.
Oui mais, balaie le gouvernement, comme les communes continuent d’exister sur le territoire de la métropole et que celles ci qui gardent la qualité de «collectivités locales de base», il n’y a pas lieu d’envisager d’intégrer dans la directive de 1994 la métropole de Lyon en tant que nouvelle collectivité.
Pourtant, d’autres pays de l’Union se sont montrés moins dogmatiques sur la définition des «collectivités locales de base».
En Allemagne, les citoyens européens votent dans les Communes, mais aussi dans les arrondissements de la Ville libre et hanséatique de Hambourg, dans le Land de Berlin, dans la Municipalité de Brême et dans la ville hanséatique libre de Brême. Au Danemark, les citoyens européens votent dans les municipalités de comté, dans la municipalité de Copenhague, dans celle de Frederiksberg… et la liste des collectivités locales de base – mais spécifiques – dans chaque état de l’union est longue.
En 2021, à côté des 46,2 millions d’électeurs français, on dénombrait 327 000 électeurs européens inscrits sur les listes électorales. Rapporté aux 808 741 électeurs que compte la métropole de Lyon, on peut estimer à 5 661 le nombre de citoyens européens qui pourraient voter aux prochaines élections métropolitaines de 2026.
Pourquoi priver ces citoyens européens de la possibilité de choisir ceux qui décide de la majeure partie des services publics dont ils bénéficient au quotidien ?
Les élus de la métropole de Lyon seraient bien avisés, à l’occasion d’un voeu au conseil, de solliciter à nouveau le gouvernement pour qu’il revoit sa position.
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